The Study of the Correlation Betweenthe on the Diet, Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress among College Students in Taichung during the COVID-19 Pandemic Distance Learning.

Research indicates the COVID-19 epidemic changes people's health and diet, However, this has not yet been well discussed in Taiwan, especially in college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of distance learning on college students' dietary patterns, sleep quality and perception of stress during the COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan. 265 college students from a university in Taichung were recruited in this study. The self-administered online questionnaire was used to investigate the changes in eating behavior, sleep quality, and perception of stress before and one month after distance learning, and further analyzed the relationship among them. The questionnaire contains demographic information, dietary questionnaires (including six categories of food intake behaviors, convenience food intake frequency), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Perceived Stress Scale (Chinese 14-item PSS). The results showed that the proportion of college students to meet the recommended Taiwan Dietary Guidelines amount in vegetables (21.9%), fruits (27.5%), meats and dairy products (15.8%), and nuts and seeds (11.3%) were lower during distance learning. The frequency of convenient food intake was lower during distance learning (13.31 +/- 6.10 points;never to occasionally). During the distance learning period, there was a significant negative correlation between dietary patterns and sleep quality (r = -0.160, p = 0.009), It shows that college students with higher dietary pattern scores have better sleep quality. During the distance learning period, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and perceived stress (r = 0.320, p < 0.001), It shows that college students with higher levels of stress had poorer sleep quality. This study found that the lower the perceived stress of college students, the better their diet and sleep quality;conversely, the higher the perceived stress, the worse their diet and sleep quality. Studies have shown that a healthy, balanced diet can reduce the risk of getting various diseases. Therefore, in the post-epidemic era, it is recommended that schools increase the accessibility and availability of vegetables, fruits, dairy products, nuts and seeds on campus to make it easier for teachers and students to obtain such healthy food in order to achieve the goal of promoting balanced diet.Copyright © 2022 Nutrition Society in Taipei. All rights reserved.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality of frontline healthcare workers

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which was brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, has had a significant negative influence on our environment and exposed health-care personnel to a new level of risk. Very few studies have addressed the disturbances in the sleep quality of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Aim and Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to examine the sleep quality of frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care center in northern Kerala. Material(s) and Method(s): Healthcare workers belonging to a tertiary care center were invited to participate in the study. An online questionnaire including sociodemographics, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and Insomnia severity index was used to evaluate sleep disturbances in healthcare workers. Univariate and bivariate analysis of the results were done to identify the predictors of poor sleep quality. Result(s): A total of 250 frontline healthcare workers were enrolled in the study, out of which 243 participants provided usable responses. About 27.6% of health workers showed features of poor sleep quality. The prevalence rate of poor sleep quality was highest among nurses, 55.2% followed by doctors and ambulance drivers, 22.4% and 11.9%, respectively. About 17.7% of the study population had subthreshold insomnia and 1.2% had clinical insomnia of moderate intensity. Conclusion(s): The prevalence of poor sleep quality is high among healthcare workers confronting COVID pandemic. This study emphasizes the need to implement specific protective measures for maintaining the sleep quality and decreasing stress among frontline health care workers during pandemics.Copyright © 2023, Mr Bhawani Singh. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of tension-type headache and its correlation with sleep quality among physiotherapy and nursing students from higher education institutions in Klang valley, Malaysia, during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction and Aim: Previously tension-type headache (TTH) was found to be highly prevalent among the general population worldwide, but the current data available were limited. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many life changes occurred to adapt to the situation, students started e-learning from home and their sleep quality (SQ) might be influenced. Physiotherapy and nursing students were studied as they are rarely being studied by researchers, information about them was very limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TTH, SQ and the type of correlation between the two during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): A cross-sectional study was conducted by sharing the online questionnaires composed of 2 main components: (i) Questionnaire formulated from diagnosing criteria for TTH of ICHD-3 (ii) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), to PS and NS students from higher education institutions in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Result(s): A total of 259 respondents were recruited in the study. The prevalence of TTH was 76.8% and SQ had a mean score of 5.12, which indicated poor SQ among PS and NS students, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Correlation between TTH and SQ was proved to be significant in this study (p=0.032, rs =0.133). Conclusion(s): High prevalence of TTH and poor SQ among PS and NS students during the COVID-19 pandemic was determined. There is a weak positive correlation between TTH and SQ during COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © 2023, Indian Association of Biomedical Scientists. All rights reserved.

Post-COVID syndrome in psychiatric practice.

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a significant incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders, which tend to have a long course in the post-COVID period. Objective(s): to study post-COVID mental disorders in clinical psychiatric practice. Patients and methods. 30 patients aged 37.75+/-14.07 years with anamnesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Clinical scale assessment was carried out using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale. The Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess the psychopathological status of the patient. Patients' cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Cog Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire. Patients' sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results and discussion. Mental disorders associated with a previous coronavirus infection are observed in a wide time range from less than 1 month to a year after the previous disease, and in no case did the coronavirus infection have a severe course. Sleep disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, which did not exceed a moderate degree of severity, and asthenia dominated in the structure of the post-COVID syndrome. The level of mental distress in patients with post-COVID syndrome increased 2 times. Post-COVID mental disorders are interrelated with female gender, age, and psychotraumatic factors associated with the pandemic. Cognitive impairment mediated by mental disorders was observed in approximately 60% of patients and did not reach the degree of dementia. Conclusion. The clinical picture of the post-COVID syndrome is represented by a wide range of mental disorders, the development of which involves not only biological, but also psychosocial factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, which determines the specifics of diagnostic approaches and the feasibility of complex treatment of the post-COVID syndrome.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Association Between COVID-19 Pandemic and Serious Mental Illness: Systematic Review within Salutogenesis Model for Public Health Management

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the constant transformation of the SARS-COV-2 virus form, exposure to substantial psychosocial stress, environmental change, and isolation have led to the inference that the overall population's mental health could be affected, resulting in an increase in cases of psychosis. Objective(s): We initiated a systematic review to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its long-term effects-in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases-on people with or without psychosis. We envisioned that this would give us an insight into effective clinical intervention methods for patients with psychosis during and after the pandemic. Method(s): We selected fifteen papers that met our inclusion criteria, i.e., those that considered participants with or without psychiatric illness and exposed to SARS-COV-2 infection, for this review and were retrieved via Google, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO Database. Key Gap: There is a dearth of research in understanding how COVID-19 affects people with or without a prior personal history of psychosis. Result(s): The systematic review summary provides insight into the state of knowledge. Insights from the systematic review have also been reviewed from the salutogenesis model's perspec-tive. There is moderate evidence of new-onset psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in which some antipsychotics treated the psychotic symptoms of patients while treating for COVID-19. Suggestions and recommendations are made for preventive and promotive public health strategies. Conclusion(s): The Salutogenesis model and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) provide another preventive and promotive public health management approach.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Managing perceived distress to COVID-19 infection on post-COVID-19 condition

Aims: COVID-19 leaves diverse sequalae beyond the acute illness, referred to as 'long COVID'. However, the aetiology, characteristics and risk factors of Long-COVID is still lacking. COVID-19 patients experience various stressful events and suffer emotional distress which causes post-traumatic stress disorders. This study aimed to investigate association between of perceived distress to COVID-19 infection and long COVID. Method(s): Data from 56 patients who visited the psychiatric department of our post-COVID clinic between March and June 2022 were analysed. All patients completed a subjective symptom checklist [32 symptoms in eight categories], selected cognitive function tests [digit span test, trail making test (TMT), and Stroop word colour interference test], and validated neuropsychological scales [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAS and HDS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Impact of event scale-revised (IES-R)]. We classified patients into two groups, 'High distress group'(N = 37) and 'Low distress group (N = 19) through IES-R score (cut-off = 25). The frequency and severity of long COVID-symptoms between the two groups were compared with Mann-whitney and chi-square test. Result(s): The average age of the patients was 53.34 years, and 70.53 days had passed from the SARS-CoV-2 confirmation using RTPCR. 'High distress group' showed higher HAS (284 vs. 455, p = .01), HDS (197 vs. 387, p = .032), and PSQI (238 vs. 428, p = .05) scores and suffered shortness of breath, palpitation, tingling, subjective memory deficit more frequently. Regarding neurocognitive functioning, there was no difference between two groups. Conclusion(s): Managing perceived distress due to COVID-19 could alleviate the long-covid sequalae especially in neuropsychiatric area.

The Worldwide Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among Medical Students by Problem, Country, and COVID-19 Status: a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression of 109 Studies Involving 59427 Participants.

Purpose of Review: Several studies have found that medical students have a significant prevalence of sleep issues, such as poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and inadequate sleep duration. The purpose of this review is to carefully evaluate the current research on sleep problems among medical students and, as a result, estimate the prevalence of these disturbances. The EMBASE, PsychINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science and retrieved article reference lists were rigorously searched and rated for quality. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to compute estimates. Recent Findings: The current meta-analysis revealed an alarming estimated pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality (K = 95, N = 54894) of 55.64% [95%CI 51.45%; 59.74%]. A total of 33.32% [95%CI 26.52%; 40.91%] of the students (K = 28, N = 10122) experienced excessive sleepiness during the day. The average sleep duration for medical students (K = 35, N = 18052) is only 6.5 h per night [95%CI 6.24; 6.64], which suggests that at least 30% of them get less sleep than the recommended 7-9 h per night. Summary: Sleep issues are common among medical students, making them a genuine problem. Future research should focus on prevention and intervention initiatives aimed at these groups. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5.

Psychological wellbeing and sleep in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): a retrospective analysis of assessment and interventions within HIV services in the UK and Ireland (UKI)

Background: People living with HIV are disproportionately affected by psychological wellbeing and sleep issues which can detrimentally impact their quality of life, adherence and health outcomes. Despite monitoring and assessment being imperative to improve long-term health;evidence indicates a variation in incidence of this and absence in guidance for sleep issues. To support generation of evidence in this field, a market research study was designed to gain insights into current interventions for psychological wellbeing and sleep assessment within HIV services in UKI. Method(s): The study was managed by a market research agency where an online survey link was disseminated to healthcare professionals (HCPs) in multiple HIV centres across UKI. To ensure accuracy of data, HCPs randomly selected a maximum 20 patient notes reviewed between 2020 to 2022. No identifiable patient information was recorded or shared with resulting data presented at an aggregate level. Result(s): 39 clinics participated contributing 665 patient notes with demographics reflective of UKI population. Since Covid- 19 77% of HCPs perceived an increasing demand for mental health support with 64% stating they routinely assess mental health;however, the majority express issues with capacity and resourcing to sufficiently support these patients. 33% of patients included were identified as experiencing a decline in psychological wellbeing, the majority of which self-reported during face to face (F2F) routine appointments;14% of these patients had a PHQ9. 78% received support with the majority signposted to external resources. For those who did not receive support, the primary driver was patient request. 46% of services state they do not routinely assess for sleep issues. A lower proportion of patients (17%) were identified as having such issues;however, of those identified the primary method was self-reporting during F2F routine appointments. 6% of these patients had a PSQI. Of those who did not receive sleep support, a lack of guidance was the main cited reason. Conclusion(s): This study indicates high variation between local management of psychological wellbeing and sleep in HIV, in addition to key gaps in clinical guidance, identifying, managing and ongoing monitoring which is required to ensure long term health.

Sleep quality of first-line medical workers fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan

[Background] Sleep is closely related to immune function and human health, and adequate sleep is an important foundation for human health. [Objective] This study investigates the sleep status of the first-line medical staff in Wuhan in a fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, provides reference for improving the sleep quality of the first-line medical staff in public health emergencies. [Methods] Through convenience sampling, 112 medical workers (first-line group) who aided the COVID-19 fight in Wuhan and 134 medical staff (non-first-line group) who did not participate in the fight were selected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to collect data on the incidence of sleep disorders, time to fall asleep, duration of sleep, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, use of sleep aid, and daytime functions. In addition, a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the common concerns and time allocation characteristics of the first-line medical workers in the context of major infectious disease outbreaks. [Results] There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic variables such as gender, age, job title, educational background, marriage status, number of children, and working years (P > 0.05). In the first-line group, 62 medical workers (55.36%) reported sleep disorders, while in the non-first-line group, 54 medical workers (40.30%) did;the difference was statistically significant (P=0.008). Among the seven components of the PSQI, the median sleep time (component 3) score of the first-line group was 1.5, which was higher than that of the non-first-line group (median 1.0) (P < 0.001);the median sleep efficiency (component 4) score of the first-line group was 1.0, which was higher than that of the non-first-line group (median 0) (P < 0.001). The actual sleep duration of the first-line group [(5.65+/-1.15) h] was lower than that of the non-first-line group [(7.00+/-1.40) h] (P < 0.001). The distributions of common concerns were different between the two group. The top three concerns were being infected (76.79%), exhausted (37.50%), and overloaded (27.68%) in the first-line group, and family members being infected (53.73%), being infected (45.52%), and child care (33.58%) in the non-first-line group. [Conclusion] The first-line medical team members report poor sleep quality, short sleep time, low sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, and many psychological concerns. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve their sleep quality.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

Post-COVID syndrome in psychiatric practice

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a significant incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders, which tend to have a long course in the post-COVID period. Objective(s): to study post-COVID mental disorders in clinical psychiatric practice. Patients and methods. 30 patients aged 37.75+/-14.07 years with anamnesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Clinical scale assessment was carried out using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale. The Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess the psychopathological status of the patient. Patients' cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Cog Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire. Patients' sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results and discussion. Mental disorders associated with a previous coronavirus infection are observed in a wide time range from less than 1 month to a year after the previous disease, and in no case did the coronavirus infection have a severe course. Sleep disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, which did not exceed a moderate degree of severity, and asthenia dominated in the structure of the post-COVID syndrome. The level of mental distress in patients with post-COVID syndrome increased 2 times. Post-COVID mental disorders are interrelated with female gender, age, and psychotraumatic factors associated with the pandemic. Cognitive impairment mediated by mental disorders was observed in approximately 60% of patients and did not reach the degree of dementia. Conclusion. The clinical picture of the post-COVID syndrome is represented by a wide range of mental disorders, the development of which involves not only biological, but also psychosocial factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, which determines the specifics of diagnostic approaches and the feasibility of complex treatment of the post-COVID syndrome.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Sleep quality among teachers of an educational institution during the COVID-19 health emergency, Peru, 2021.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the population worldwide. The countries took several protective measures to avoid contagion, including social isolation, teleworking and distance education. As schools closed, teachers took over primarily online teaching. The study main objective was to determine the sleep quality among teachers of a public educational institution in the district of Mancora, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic social isolation. Material(s) and Method(s): An observational, cross-sectional and prospective study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess 59 preschool, primary and secondary school teachers who taught through distance education from March to December 2021. Result(s): The average age was 44.3 +/- 8.89 years. Women accounted for 64.4 %, specialist teachers-i.e., those who have expertise in a particular field-55.9 %, secondary school teachers 55.9 %, primary school teachers 30.5 % and preschool teachers 13.6 %. The affected sleep quality parameters were the following: 69.5 % had poor sleep quality, 67.8 % inadequate sleep latency, 61 % sleep duration of less than five hours, 27.1 % habitual sleep efficiency of less than 65 % and 49.2 % sleep disturbances. Moreover, 50.8 % reported using a sleeping medication more than once a week and 39 % severe daytime dysfunction. There was an association between sleep quality and the components subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction. Nonetheless, there was no association with sex, educational level and teaching specialty. Conclusion(s): Teachers of an educational institution in Mancora had a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and the most affected components were sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and sleep disturbances.Copyright © La revista. Publicado por la Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Peru.

Post-COVID syndrome in psychiatric practice.

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a significant incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders, which tend to have a long course in the post-COVID period. Objective(s): to study post-COVID mental disorders in clinical psychiatric practice. Patients and methods. 30 patients aged 37.75+/-14.07 years with anamnesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Clinical scale assessment was carried out using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale. The Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess the psychopathological status of the patient. Patients' cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Cog Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire. Patients' sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results and discussion. Mental disorders associated with a previous coronavirus infection are observed in a wide time range from less than 1 month to a year after the previous disease, and in no case did the coronavirus infection have a severe course. Sleep disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, which did not exceed a moderate degree of severity, and asthenia dominated in the structure of the post-COVID syndrome. The level of mental distress in patients with post-COVID syndrome increased 2 times. Post-COVID mental disorders are interrelated with female gender, age, and psychotraumatic factors associated with the pandemic. Cognitive impairment mediated by mental disorders was observed in approximately 60% of patients and did not reach the degree of dementia. Conclusion. The clinical picture of the post-COVID syndrome is represented by a wide range of mental disorders, the development of which involves not only biological, but also psychosocial factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, which determines the specifics of diagnostic approaches and the feasibility of complex treatment of the post-COVID syndrome.Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Sleep Quality among Medical Students During the Covid- 19 Pandemic

Objective: To assess the sleep quality among medical students, comparing their sleep cycles during physical and online studies along with other factors associated with sleep patterns. Study Design: Cross-sectional Questionnaire based survey Place and Duration of Study: Department of Community Medicine, HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences Taxila from 1st January 2020 to 31st March 2020 Methodology: One hundred and forty seven students were surveyed in a time period of 1 month. The questionnaire included PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and other clinically validated questions. Students with known sleeping disorders were excluded from this survey. Result(s): There were 81 (55.1%) females and 65 (44.2%) males with mean age 20+/-1.4 years. Out of these 94(63.9%) were classified as "Poor Sleepers" and only 53 (36.1%) were "Good Sleepers". Poor sleep quality was associated with female gender (p<0.05), day-scholar residence status (p<0.054), excessive time required to sleep (p<0.00), excessive screen time usage (p<0.007), increased hours of study (p<0.089), experiencing trouble while driving, eating and socializing (p<0.002), lack of enthusiasm (p<0.000), unsatisfactory daily activities (p<0.000) and poor daytime alertness levels (p<0.360). 104 (70.7%) were aware of the effects of melatonin on sleep, only 51 (34.7%) admitted to have used coffee to stay awake at night. 98 (66.7%) subjects were pre-exam workers, 95 (64.6%) admitted not being able to wake up easily in the morning. Conclusion(s): The students and hostelites that used less screen time slept better. Excessive daytime tiredness was also a result of poor sleeping habits. Students who studied for longer periods of time and had difficulty waking up in the morning slept poorly. Poor sleepers also find it difficult to interact and are often unambitious about performing their daily menial tasks, as well as displeased with their daily activities. As a matter of fact, we deduce that sleep quality has unanticipated consequences for medical students' social and mental health.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Sleep disorders in healthcare workers

Introduction: COVID-19 has killed more than 5 millions people worldwide. The effects on mental health are also significant, especially among healthcare personnel. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and the factors of sleep disorders on healthcare workers. Method Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study including 87 healthcare workers during February 2022, using an anonymous online questionnaire containing personal data, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Result(s): The average age was 31.71 +/- 5.93 years. Sex ratio was 1.04. The participants were doctors (69.6%) and paramedical staff (30.4%), 23.2% of them had comorbidities: cardiovascular pathologies (27.2%), respiratory pathologies (24.7%) psychiatric pathologies (18.1%), neurological pathologies (13.9%) and immunodeppression (11.2%). 86.3% were working in the public sector. 62.3% had worked in a COVID-19 unit. Severe clinical insomnia was found in 9.7% and moderate severity clinical insomnia in 13.1%. For the PSQI, 41.5% had an overall score>5, which is an indicator of sleep disorders. A sleep latency>30 minutes was observed (22%), nocturnal awakenings (15.9%), a feeling of fatigue at work (61%) and difficulty concentrating was reported in 38%. For behavioral disorders during sleep, participants had nightmares (35.2%), sleep paralysis (17.7%), sleep talking (10.9%), bruxism (1%) and somnombulism (1.2%). Sleep disorders were correlated with the presence of newborns or infants at home (p=0.001), the number of shifts and working hours per week (p=0.034) and the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): Sleep disorders among caregivers are quite common, long-term follow-up for better prevention and management is necessary.

Quality of Sleep among Medical Students in Relationship with Personality Traits after COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Erode, Tamilnadu: The Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Few studies have explored the correlations between personality traits and mental health during the outbreak period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students' academic success, interpersonal interactions, and propensity for mental illnesses are all impacted by their sleep quality. One of the recognised elements influencing a person's sleep design is their personality. Medical students' personality and academic success are both negatively impacted by poor sleep quality. Aim(s): The current research looked into the connection between personality traits and sleep quality among medical students in Post Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Erode, Tamil Nadu. Material(s) and Method(s): 288 undergraduate medical students participated in a cross-sectional study that was performed on an institutional level. Structured questionnaires that were administered by interviewers were used to gather the data. Medical students learning in Erode had their personality and sleep quality evaluated using the NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Result(s): 226 (78.5%) of the 288 medical students said they had poor sleep. The results of our study demonstrate a significant correlation between neuroticism and the global PSQI score (P< 0.05). Students who slept poorly scored more highly on the neuroticism scale. The findings show that, among students during the COVID-19 outbreak, personality characteristics were risk factors for psychological disorders. Our findings might serve as a guide for those conducting psychological disorder screenings. Conclusion(s): In the Post Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown, medical students who don't get enough sleep become neurotic. Medical students' mental health and academic success are impacted by COVID-19. The findings show that, among students during the COVID-19 outbreak, personality characteristics were risk factors for psychological disorders. Future research on these personality traits may help to better understand how sleep disorders affect academic achievement.Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact on Pharmaceutical Industry due to Sudden Pandemic Attack (COVID-19)

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China, in the month of December 2019. Further, in March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic was described by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a global pandemic. COVID-19 quickly spread around the world in the following months, affecting about 2.5 million individuals by April 2020. World markets, including the pharmaceutical industry, were devastated by this pandemic. Although no specific solution for this emerging infectious disease is currently available, the pharmaceutical industry is helping policymakers meet unmet COVID-19 desires, ranging from research and advancement initiatives on possible prevention methods to the management of the supply chain of drugs in times of crisis. Changes in demand, commodity shortages, contact adjustments, etc., are hindering developments in the mechanism of technology, research and development and are putting an impact on the health market of COVID-19. Other implications of COVID-19 on the physical condition and pharmaceutical market may include acceptance delays, heading to self-sufficiency in the delivery chain, etc. In addition, the pharmaceutical markets are battling to sustain natural consumer flows, as the latest pandemic has had an effect on access to essential drugs at reasonable rates, which is the key priori-ty of all pharmaceutical systems.Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.

Assessment of Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene among Nursing officers during COVID pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Southern District of Karnataka, India

Introduction: Nursing officers are one of the susceptible groups prone to have sleep disturbances, which may not only influence their own health but also affect the nursing quality and treatment process. During COVID Pandemic, because of high work demand, nurses were made to run more shifts than regular days which can be quite stressful for them. Our study was conducted to assess the sleep quality and sleep hygiene among Nursing officers during COVID pandemic andto determine the factors influencing the Sleep quality and Sleep Hygiene Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from September 2021-October 2021 among nursing officers of Kodagu district hospital attached to Kodagu Institute of Medical sciences. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to assess the sleep quality, Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to determine the presence of tendency of daytime sleepiness and Sleep hygiene index was used to assess the sleep hygiene among the respondents. Result(s): Poor sleep quality was high(70.4%) among nursing officers. A significant association (p<0.05) of poor sleep quality was found with 31-40 years age group, nuclear family, less than 10 years of work experience and >15 nights shifts per month when logistic regression was applied. Poor sleep quality was high among the nursing officers who were practicing poor sleep hygiene (79.16 %).The assessment of daytime sleepiness showed that majority of the nursing officers (94%) were unlikely to be abnormally sleepy. Conclusion(s): The prevalence of poor sleep quality was high among nurses which was done during COVID pandemic. Poor sleep quality was associated age, type of family, years of work experience and nights shifts. Recruitment of adequate number of nursing staff and scrupulously planned night shifts are needed to improve the sleep health and well being of nurses which sequentially will result in better and efficient patient care.Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of sleep quality among post-COVID patients: findings from a 6- month follow-up study

Background: The current literature concerning sleep quality among post-COVID patients is limited. The aim of this observational cohort study was to evaluate if there is significant and persistent sleep disturbance in patients after recovery from COVID-19. The patients were followed up 1, 3, and 6 months after hospital discharge (in-person visits). Sleep quality was evaluated in each visit with the aid of multiple structured questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Stop-BANG (S-B) questionnaire. Result(s): 131 patients (59.5% males) aged 56.1+/- 11.2 with prior hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. The most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension (30.6% of patients), cardiovascular disease other than arterial hypertension (17.4%) and chronic obstructive lung disease (11.6%), while 38% of patients had no comorbid conditions. The mean values of the global PSQI were 8.28 +/-3.8, 7.43+/-3.7, and 7.46+/-3.5 in the first, second and third follow up respectively. Statistically significant differences were found for sleep quality (PSQI) between the first and second (p=0.001) and between the first and third visit (p=0.046). During the first visit, the ESS was 6.3+/-4.2, AIS: 7.1+/-4.9, S-B: 2.9+/-1.5 and FSS : 3.65+/-1.8. Statistically significant differences were found for FSS between the first and second (p=0.003) and for FSS (p=0.001) and AIS (p=0.048) between the first and third visit. Conclusion(s): Our findings reveal significant and persistent sleep disturbance up to 6 months after hospital discharge, although there was notable amelioration over time.

Long term sleep disturbances in Tunisian COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study

Background: A spectrum of long-term COVID19 effects have been reported. Much less data areavailable about how COVID19 will affect sleep over time in recovered patients. We Assessed the long-term impact of COVID 19 infection on sleep. Methodology:A prospective cohort study including 84 Tunisian COVID19 patients discharged fromhospital. Patients were asked about the period before SARS COV2 related hospital stay, and the 6-9 month-period after hospital discharge, using several self- reported evaluation scales (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inde, the Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire). Result(s): The mean age was 57,59 years with 46 men and 38 women. As compared with baseline statue of patients, all assessed outcomes were significantly impaired (VAS pain: 1,71+/-1,1 Vs 3,8+/-2,84;PSQI: 3,25+/-2,4 VS 6,39+/-4,73;ESS: 1,94+/-2,44 VS 3,59+/-4,53;ISI: 1,95+/-2,76 VS 6,07+/-5,96, and PHQ-9: 1,45+/-2,74 VS 7,47 +/- 6,61;p=0.0001). The percentage of poor sleepers (PSQI global score higher than 5) and patients with insomnia had significantly increased from 15,5% to 48,8% and from 1,2 to 11%, respectively (p=0.0001). The percentage of patients experiencingdepression symptoms has also doubled (25% to 58,3%), while severe pain was reported by more than one out of five patients against only 1,2% at baseline. The post-COVID -19 PSQI was significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0,328, p=0,003);the post-COVID-19 VAS pain (r=0,479, p=0,0001) as well as the post-COVID-19 PHQ-9 scale (r=0,712, p=0,0001). Conclusion(s): Sleep disturbances, depression symptoms as well as chronic pain are highly prevalent in long-term follow-up period in hospitalized COVID19 survivors therefore,they should be systematically screened.

Effects of basic body awareness therapy on pain, sleep, quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic -a randomized controlled study

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the telerehabilitation-based BBAT (Basic Body Awareness Therapy) approach on body awareness, musculoskeletal pain, sleep, and quality of life (QoL) in university students during the COVID-19 social isolation and home quarantine period. Material(s) and Method(s): The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. A total of 40 university students participated in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: the treatment group who received the BBAT (n=20) and the control group who refused to receive treatment (n=20). BBAT was applied to the treatment group on an online platform for three days a week (60 minutes per session) for six weeks. Pre-and post-treatment self-reported questionnaire data were used. Pain severity was assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), body awareness using the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), and QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL) questionnaire. Result(s): In the treatment group, there was a statistically significant difference between the participants' pre-treatment and post-treatment scores in MPQ, PSQI and BAQ, as well as in the psychological health, social relationships and environment domains and general health facet of the WHOQoL questionnaire (p<0.05). In the control group, no statistically significant difference was observed between the participants' pre-treatment and post-treatment scores in MPQ, PSQI, BAQ and the psychological health, social relationships and environment domains of the WHOQoL questionnaire (p>0.05). Discussion(s): The telerehabilitation-based BBAT approach is effective for university students' body awareness, musculoskeletal pain, sleep, and quality of life during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic period.Copyright © 2023, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.